Feminism Is An Entire World View Or Gestalt, Not Just A...

â€Å"Feminism is an entire world view or gestalt, not just a laundry list of women’s issues.† (Bunch, 1979:9) A critical quest for feminisms is the development of theories and analyses of power. One only needs to start analyzing the material of historical theorists to identify that there exists the need for feminist theories of power. Feminist contributions throughout history have been typically assumed much more utilitarian in their approach. The focus of historical theorists might often be described as more elusive and often entrenched within the patriarchal systems as opposed to rebelling against them, often adhering within the paradigm of systematic power instead of directly challenging the pervasiveness of power itself. Nonetheless, historical efforts have helped establish the need for contemporary feminisms to interrogate and challenge systematic power. Power has different manifestations whether systemic or hierarchical which can be viewed through a feminist critique. Several influential feminist scholars, including Mary Wollstonecraft, Simone DeBeauvoir, and Audre Lourde to name but a few help gain a deeper comprehension of the issue. It is evident that the manifestation of power has affected historical education, law, social training, and language. Education has often been used as a tool to facilitate power. Who has been provided with an opportunity to pursue an education is interesting to analyze. Historically, women and racial minority men were not provided with

Critical Discourse Analysis - 1510 Words

Critical Discourse Analysis Social communication is increasingly becoming a subject of scientists’ discussions from different disciplines, as well as ordinary language users. In contemporary social sciences, especially in linguistics, we see a clear shift to discourse. Discourse allows us to talk about use of the language, as well as the language as a socio-cultural activity. In this sense, discourse, on one hand, reflects the social reality, on the other hand, it shapes it, therefore participate in the creation and pass on different values, ideologies and symbolic power. This essay aims to show the definition of Critical Discourse Analysis and also show how useful it is for exploring issues of power and inequality in relation to gender.†¦show more content†¦As pointed out by van Dijk (1993) one of the key objectives of the Critical Discourse Analysis is also the understanding of the nature of power and domination. In his view, power is based on privileged access to social resources, is widely c onsidered as securities, such as wealth, income, position, status, group membership, education and knowledge. However, dominance is defined as the use of social power by elites, institutions or groups, contributing to the emergence of social inequality (including - in political, cultural, class, ethnic, racial, and gender). The task of CDA is then highlighting the role of discourse in the producing domination. According to ‘Studying the Media’ dictionary, the complete and very well summing everything up definition of Critical Discourse Analysis is: ‘†¦a means of analysing texts based on linguistics and in recent times the theories of Foucault. Discourse analysis identifies the culturally and socially produced sets of ideas and values that structure texts and representations. It helps to identify abstract and ideological assumptions about the world that may be implicitly contained in particular texts.’ Fairclough developed a three-dimensional framework for studying discourse, where the aim is to map three separate forms of analysis onto one another: analysis of (spoken or written) language texts, analysis of discourse practice (processes of text production, distribution andShow MoreRelatedCritical Discourse Analysis ( Cda )1507 Words   |  7 PagesCritical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is an interdisciplinary approach, which has been further developed on the basis of Discourse Analysis (DA) since 1970s. The insights have been expanded into a broader range of social, cultural, psychological and political practices. 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Although we cannot simply suggest anRead MoreA Critical Discourse Analysis ( Cda ) And Argumentation Theory860 Words   |  4 Pages The current empirical study constitutes a critical discourse analysis of part of the discourse that surrounds the New Caledonian independence issue. It aims to explore audience response to political speeches, to investigate how politicians attempt to persuade people to follow a particular course of action, to link the notions of discourse and action to the cognitive dimensions of ideology and presuppositions, to further clarify various contextual factors, such as power configurations, to describeRead MoreCritical Discourse Analysis of the Movie Love Actually3536 Words   |  15 PagesCRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF THE MOVIE LOVE ACTUALLY Love Actually is All Around†¦ Leon Koshcheyev English 2010 Professor O. Pimentel Love Actually is the ultimate romantic comedy written and directed by Richard Curtis. This film consist of dozens of different love stories that like a quilt are weaved together to make one story about love. It is about love in its many forms: love between family members, love between husbands and wives, innocent love, undeclared love, and romantic love. TheRead MoreCritical Discourse Analysis For An International Crisis Happening Thousands Miles Away Essay745 Words   |  3 PagesMethodology Critical discourse analysis For an international crisis happening thousands miles away, it is not sufficient to be understood without acknowledging itself as a mediated complex. From critical linguistics perspective, Fowler (1991/2013) believes â€Å"news is socially constructed. What events are reported is not a reflection of intrinsic importance of those events, but reveals the operation of a complex and artificial set of criteria for selection† (p. 2). â€Å"The news media select events forRead MoreCritical Discourse Analysis1347 Words   |  6 Pages2.1. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA): 2.1.1. What is CDA? 2.1.1.1. Critical, discourse and analysis Before beginning to address what CDA is, it is important to be clear about what is meant by the concepts of critical, discourse, and analysis: The notion of ‘critical’ is primarily associated with the critical theory of the Frankfurt School where social theory should be oriented towards critiquing and changing society. In CDA, the concept of ‘critical’ is appliedRead More Critical Discourse Analysis Essay2431 Words   |  10 PagesCritical Discourse Analysis Jan blommaert and Chris Bulcaen makes a brief introduction to the study of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). CDA intends to use social-theoretical method in discourse analysis and is primarily linguistically based (Blommaet Bulcaen, 2000, p.447). It intends to analyze the structural relationships of dominance, discrimination, power and control through a textual study (Blommaet Bulcaen, 2000, p.448). Based on the assumption that social discourse is constructed andRead MoreSocial Transformations Of New Capitalism1611 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscourse, and specifically discourse that reveals social transformations of New Capitalism, but to determine how societies work and produce both beneficial and detrimental effects and of how the detrimental effects can be mitigated if not eliminated (Christie, 2003, p. 203). Fairclough’s critical approach to texts societal elements affect personhood via discourse. Through his exploration of how the New Capitalism imposes constraints on individuals and societies, Fairclough argues that all peopleRead MoreDiscourse Features Of Mental Health1658 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Discourse features of mental health community have been studied by many scholars. As Morrow (2006) described, there are numerous studies of doctor/patient interaction and of the interaction between other health care professionals and their clients. The research of online community that has gained increased attention by public media and health experts (Wolf et al, 2013) appeared, and there was also critical discourse analysis on the pro-anorexia movement (Knapton, 2013). From these researchesRead MoreMental Representation Of Critical Discourse Analysis2338 Words   |  10 PagesMental representation in Critical Discourse Analysis Levels of analysis This phrase is applied to social sciences to point to the location, size or scale of a research target. It is unique from the term ‘unit of observation† as the former relates to an integrated set of relationships while the latter is about the distinct unit from which data will be gathered. The levels of analysis are not mutually exclusive but an in critical discuss analysis research generally falls under micro level and the

Bariatrics As A Discourse Community Essay Example For Students

Bariatrics As A Discourse Community Essay Ashley Pirone English Writing 3306 Professor Victoria Papa September 25, 2015 Unit 1 APA Bariatrics as a Discourse Community â€Å"Bariatrics is the branch of medicine that focuses on the causes, prevention, and treatment of obesity† (â€Å"Medical Dictionary,† 2015). Bariatric surgery is a specific discourse community connecting individuals through mutual interests, shared knowledge, and expertise of treating obese populations. The field of bariatric surgery is a discourse community with several purposes. It encourages innovative surgical and nonsurgical solutions in obesity care. It formulates hypotheses and develops and conducts experimental designs to test the hypotheses’ reliability and validity. Furthermore, it aims to stimulate discussion about its findings. Scientists, researchers, medical professionals, and other experts in the field of bariatric surgery submit their findings and must go through professional gatekeeping measures like peer-review before their work can be published. Once their findings are published, they can be accessed in peer-reviewed journals, magazines, ar ticles, and scientific databases. One example of a publication in the field of Bariatrics is, The Journal of Obesity and Bariatrics, which is an online international journal, published by the Avens Publishing Group, or APG for short. This journal was published on August. 9 2013, and is composed of many scientific and scholarly research articles about obesity treatment. The Avens†¦

Nursing Research Critique free essay sample

Reminiscence Therapy (RT) was first developed by Butler (1963) as a psychological intervention for older adults; however, research findings regarding its therapeutic utility as inconsistent and inconclusive (Karimia, et al. , 2010). Not entirely sure what reminiscence meant, I looked it up. According to the Dictionary. com (2013), reminiscence is the act of recalling a past event or experience; reviving a retained memory or event. Reminiscence Therapy involves the discussion of past activities, events and experiences with another person or group of people. It usually involves the aid of tangible prompts such as photographs, household and other familiar items from the past, music and archive sound recordings and is intended to aid in resolution of past issues or to connect to good memories, aiding in a sense of well-being. In this paper, I will be critiquing the article, evaluating the aspects of literature review in research that have been taught in NU310 over the past nine weeks to determine credibility of the study, reliability of the information and adherence to study guidelines. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Research Critique or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Title/Abstract An abstract is a concise overview of the research information that includes the purpose, methodology, results and conclusions of the study. It should be able to stand alone and â€Å"allow a reader to decide whether or not to read the full text because your research and conclusions have relevance for his/her research† (Millbrook House, 2004). The abstract in this paper is concise and inclusive of the purpose, results and conclusion of the study. I was distracted by the lack of basic information about Reminiscence Therapy and found myself searching for definitions to better understand the erminology in the study in order to follow the writer. The results of that search are shared in my introduction. Despite the lack of definition, I did find the writers were clear in their purpose and indicated enough information regarding the outcomes that the analysis met the requirements. Based on this information and the literature reviews included in the study, I find the title to be appro priate, especially the portion â€Å"an empirical study† as it lets the reader know up front that this is an empirical study, which does not use a scientific method or theory. Problem/Purpose Statement The introduction of this study begins with a broad statement regarding the research findings of reminiscence therapy and its therapeutic use being inconsistent and inconclusive. The writers launch right into a review of the literature, leading the reader down a twisting path of studies that result in greatly varying outcomes. The problem statement seems to be the lack of consistent and conclusive outcomes from past reminiscence therapy studies, but it’s not 100% clear. In one paragraph the writers indicate in â€Å"reviewing 57 controlled studies to assess the effects of psychotherapy and other behavioral interventions on clinically depressed older adults †¦cognitive behavioral therapy and reminiscence therapy are particularly well-established and acceptable forms of depression treatment† (Karimia, et al. , 2010). But quickly follow with a statement that â€Å"Lin, Dai, and Hwang (2003) carried out a systematic review [and] reported a lack of consistency in the findings of the research on therapeutic utility of reminiscence† (Karimia, et al. , 2010). Not until the end of the introduction do the writers loosely define reminiscence and its usefulness in therapy. It is then that they hypothesize that integrative and instrumental intervention will produce statistically significant reduction in depression symptoms in the elderly. This statement defines to me that the purpose of this study is to show that integrative and instrumental reminiscence interventions will decrease the depressive symptoms in the older adult population. Literature Review/Theoretical Framework A strong review of the literature is present in the paper. The writers have acknowledged studies that resulted in inconsistent and inconclusive outcomes and the evolvement of the work done in relation to reminiscence therapy by other researchers. According to Karimia, et al. (2010); Watt, Wong and Cappeliez took the first steps toward removing the ambiguity of working with reminiscence by applying a widely accepted taxonomy and focusing on specific aspects within the classification. They noted identifying integrative and instrumental reminiscences as being particularly beneficial for positive adaptation and psychological well-being in older age. While the title of the paper implies this study to be empirical in nature, it seems this information is the theoretical rationale that this study is based upon. The integrative reminiscence process is credited with aiding in the resolution of self worth, conflict resolution and integration of past and present while the instrumental reminiscence process â€Å"involves remembering past plans and goal-directed activities, recalling how one coped with past problems, and drawing from past experience to solve the present problems† (Karimia, et al. , 2010). Design The study employed a three-group pre–post-test design with random allocation to instrumental or integrative reminiscence or an active social discussion control condition† (Karimia, et al. , 2010). Pre-test/post-test designs are often used in behavioral research, primarily for the purpose of comparing groups and measuring change resulting from experimental treatments (interventions). The intervention, short form group sessions, were conducted by a master’s level therapist who was supervised by a master’s level clinical psychologist. Pretesting in this study included the MMSE, GDS-15 and a demographic questionnaire. All assessments were conducted by the clinical psychologist, who was not the therapist leading the intervention, and was blind to the subjects’ assigned intervention group. Post testing included the administration of the GDS-15 only. Participants were randomized into three groups, one group serving as the control group. Designs that involve collecting data from different groups and examining the differences between groups are also called mixed-design groups. Sample Methodology/Patient Rights The sample group for this study was obtained from volunteers who lived at the Kahrizak Nursing Home located in Iran. Participants were selected ased on five inclusion and three exclusion criteria, some of which was discussed in the previous paragraph. There were 109 volunteers, 94 of whom passed the initial interview and moved on to be assessed for eligibility in the study. Forty-eight participants met the inclusion criteria. From those 48 participants, 39 were randomly selected and placed into study groups. â€Å"In order to form matched groups in terms of depression severity, and gender, participants were systematically divided into three groups, and were then randomly assigned to the three conditions of intervention (integrative, instrumental, or social discussion) (Karimia, et al. 2010). Ten participants were excluded from the study during the eligibility trials due to illness. Proper attention was paid to the participants’ ethical rights to ensure understanding of the study’s purpose and that language and educational barriers were addressed. Interviews were conducted to assess the ability of prospective participants to understand and speak Persian at the onset of the study and verbiage in the GDS-15 and MMSE were modified to make the content culturally suitable with respect to the community and participants. The final sample included 29 participants (12 men and 17 women); 10 in the integrative reminiscence group, nine in the instrumental reminiscence group, and 10 in the social discussion group. The age of the participants ranged from 64 to 87; the distribution of genders within each group being 59% women and 41% men. Level of depression on the GDS-15 prior to the interventions revealed that across the three groups, the participants demonstrated equal amounts of mild, moderate, and severe symptoms of depression. Data Collection/Reliability Study participants were administered the MMSE, the GDS-15, and a demographic questionnaire to obtain quantifiable data used in the study. The MMSE, a short, structured interview, measured the cognitive state of each candidate. A score of greater than 21, on a scale of 0-30, was used as exclusion criteria to determine those who were not cognitively able to participate. Depression symptoms were measured with the GDS-15. Scores of 0–4 are considered normal; 5–8 indicate mild; 9–11 moderate; and 12–15 indicate severe depression symptoms. There was not an exclusion factor for this test. According to Polit Beck (2010), the quality of interview information and reliability of data relies heavily on interviewer proficiency and consistency. The clinical psychologist, masters prepared, was blinded to the subjects’ intervention group. The role of the psychologist was to conduct all of the interviews and testing. â€Å"All the questions of the MMSE, GDS-15, and the demographic questionnaire were asked orally and the oral answers were written down by the psychologist† (Karimia, et al. , 2010). Three distinct groups were established by randomization of study participants who met inclusion criteria; the integrative reminiscence group, the instrumental reminiscence group, and the social discussion group. Randomization to treatment conditions is noted by Polit Beck (2010) to provide the best control method for managing validity threats to a study. Each study group had six weekly sessions of 90 min each focusing on a weekly theme, conducted by a masters prepared therapist and supervised by a psychologist, yet not the psychologist who conducted the pre-testing to avoid testing confounding. At the conclusion of the intervention, weekly sessions, participants were again assessed on the GDS-15 by the clinical psychologists. Data Analysis In this study, â€Å"analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to determine differences in the depression scores between pre-test and post-test in the three groups, taking into account the effect of pre-test scores (depression severity) as a covariate variable† (Karimia, et al. , 2010). ANCOVA is a statistical control used to remove the effect of a confounding variable when other control methods may not have achieved comparability. The depressive symptoms of the integrative reminiscence group were significantly lower than those of the control group, yet there was little difference in the instrumental reminiscence group and the control group. The mean score of the integrative group at pre-test (9. 40) and the instrumental group at pre-test (9. 22) were both within the range for moderate depression. The mean score of each group at post-test improved, integrative (4. 70) and instrumental (7. 0), but only the integrative group returned to normal on the GDS-15 scale. The findings suggest that integrative reminiscence intervention was better than instrumental reminiscence intervention for reducing symptoms of depression. Discussion The writers note that in the Watt Cappeliez (2000) study, both the integrative and instrumental studies resulted in significant reduction in depression symptoms. At first look, it appears the integrative reminiscence interventions were very effective in returning an older adult participant to within normal range on the depression scale (GDS-15) yet the instrumental reminiscence interventions were not. However, once the researchers compared the data using the Scheffe test, the results for neither were statistically significant. Despite that, there was an apparent change in the perception of depressive symptoms in the participants as indicated by both mean scores moving from the moderately depressed range to the mild or normal range. Limitations to the study were noted by the writers as no follow-up study to discover the level of stability of the interventions effects, small sample size and the reliance on a single measure of depressive symptoms as an outcome measure. I also see the convenience sample taken from the nursing home to be another limitation of the study. As the writers note, in the Iranian culture, it is not customary for older adults to live in nursing homes. Residents of this nursing home could potentially be feeling a sense of depression, perhaps the attachment of a stigma, based on the lack of connection to family. I have concern with the adaptation of the GDS-15 and MMSE to allow for cultural sensitivity and wonder if the censoring of the content and language might have changed the test results. Conclusion The lack of a strong start in the introduction of this study left me wondering if the problem or purpose statement were missing, leaving the direction of the study to wander aimlessly. The six paragraphs of literature review that essentially indicated a history of inconsistent and inconclusive results would have caused me to not continue had this not been an assigned reading. More information in the early stage of the paper about reminiscence therapy and what exactly the integrative and instrumental interventions were might have held my attention and inspired me to read further for results. Instead I struggled to stay focused and absorb the information being provided. The researchers’ hypothesis stated that integrative and instrumental reminiscence interventions would produce statistically significant reduction in depression symptoms in the older adult population. The analysis of pre-test to post-test changes did reveal that integrative reminiscence therapy led to statistically significant reduction in symptoms of depression in comparison to the control group. While instrumental reminiscence therapy also reduced depressive symptoms, this improvement was not statistically significant compared to the control group. Even though the results may not have been statistically significant, I would have to offer that any reduction in depressive symptoms is significant in the mental health arena. This study does provide additional support for the effectiveness of integrative reminiscence therapy as an intervention for depressed older adults living. The general statement â€Å"this study also provides support for the hypothesis that certain types of reminiscence produce their own specific effects† caused me to read the article through once more to look for what specific effects were produced. I found no indication of what could be important qualitative data from the interventions that might also support the writers’ statement. Unfortunately, while this study was able to indicate an improvement in depression utilizing integrative reminiscence therapy, I am not convinced the results are reproducible. I would hesitate to base my practice on this study. References Dictionary. com. (2013). reminiscence. Retrieved from Dictionary. com: http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/reminiscence? s=ts Karimia, H. , Dolatshaheeb, B. , Momenia, K. , Khodabakhshic, A. , Rezaeid, M. A. A. Kamrani, A. (2010). Effectiveness of integrative and instrumental reminiscence therapies on depression symptoms reduction in institutionalized older adults: An empirical study. Aging Mental Health, 14(7), 881–887. Millbrook House. (2004). Writing the Abstract. Retrieved from Writing a literature review as your dissertation: http://www2. plymouth. ac. uk/millbrook/rsources/litrev/lrabstrac t. htm Polit, D. , Beck, C. (2012). Nursing research; Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (9th ed. ). Philadelphia, PA: Lippencott Williams Wilkins.

Cdn. Provinces&FederalSystem essays

Cdn. Provinces&FederalSystem essays The Provinces and the Federal System The three areas of federal and provincial relations where decentralization is made evident are as follows: First and foremost is the Judicial Interpretation. When the first Canadian laws were drawn up in1867 Canadas final appeal in constitutional decisions was the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London, England. In section 91 of the 1867 act, in the Peace, Order and Good Government Clause (POGG) all powers in section 92 are left to the federal government. In this section there were 29 examples given of federal power. It was later decided that these examples were real federal government powers and ignored the POGG clause except in time of national emergency. This, as a result of decentralization and the ways certain laws were interpreted, made the difference between federal and provincial jurisdiction. An example of this change would be the Toronto Electric Commissioners vs. Snider, 1925, were the federal legislation to deal with serious strikes was ruled unconstitutional because labour and management relations fall under the matters of property and civil rights which is prov incial jurisdiction and could only be subject to federal legislation if it were an emergency. The second area where decentralization is made evident is in federal and provincial finance. At confederation the federal government was originally given the power to levy all kinds of taxes while the province could only tax directly. As a result of decentralization both government were more or less independent of each other on taxing and spending. An example of this would be the fact that both governments levy their own taxes e.g. corporate and personal tax. Since WWII the levels government of government are becoming more intertwined in federal and provincial financial matters, such as provinces levying a percentage of the federal tax. The third area where decentralization is...

Cannery Rowbyby John Steinbeck.

Cannery Rowbyby John Steinbeck. Textual AnalysisCannery RowJohn Steinbeck studied writing from time to time at Stanford between 1920 and 1925, but never graduated. He later moved to New York, where he did manual labor and worked as a journalist. While he was there, he wrote his first two novels, which were unsuccessful. However, Steinbeck was considered one of the great American novelists of the 20th century. After World War II, Steinbeck's work became more sentimental, especially in his piece, Cannery Row. This book was a depiction of the lives of people who had many hardships, yet were able to seek out the true values in life. It took place in the time of prosperity after World War II; nevertheless, the people of Monterey, California were living and thinking as though it was still the Great Depression. In trying to make their lives better, these people relied on one of the main characters, Doc, for guidance.English: Own Work. 2007. National Steinbeck Centre...In Steinbeck's novel, Doc helped others, and in return , they attempted to help him, even though they were not as successful. Besides these faithful acts, John Steinbeck's setting, conflicts, and characters gave the story a unique style and perspective.Since there was no central plot, Steinbeck focused on the setting to carry the reader through the book. The fixture that was a major contrast to the rest of the book was in the early morning in Cannery Row. This was the time of day when everything seemed to have a touch of magic. The whole district looked as if it had a hue of silver upon it. "It [was] the hour of the pearlthe interval between day and night when time [stopped] and examined itself." (Steinbeck. 78) Barely anyone was out, which made the neighborhood feel more deserted than usual. Furthermore, the streets showed...

Politicization of the Civil Service Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Politicization of the Civil Service - Article Example Rouban makes interesting points that do serve to illuminate the problems inherent in a system in which all laws and institutions serve a political agenda to one degree or another. Where the article succeeds best is in showing that not all bureaucracies are the same and that the definition of a civil servant varies from one country to another. As a result, the most fascinating aspect of the article may be that it enlightens one to the shifting values of political import to be found in a country's social and cultural aspects. The idea that educators might be subject to political pressure in following their career path is especially frightening. This article furthers the ideas of Wilsonian separation of politics from administration while also adhering to Weber's theories on hierarchical assumptions. The problems that must be faced is that while Weber is correct in advocating the theoretical ideals of impersonal organization, ultimately the truth must be faced that everything carries a political component.

Rationalism (Rene Descartes) and Empiricism (David Hume) Essay

Rationalism (Rene Descartes) and Empiricism (David Hume) - Essay Example According to the research findings there are two contrastive schools of thought; while one gives premium to reason, the other gives premium to experience. The first school of thought that gives premium to reason is the rationalist school of thought. The second school of thought is the empiricist school. While the major proponent for rationalism is Rene Descartes, the major proponent of empiricism is David Hume. Lacey states that rationalism is â€Å"any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification.† Instead of appealing to emotions and their sensory organs, rationalists appeal to the intellect. Like all things, there are extremes in rationalism. While the opinion of some rationalists tends to fall largely in line with empiricism, meaning that they share many links with empiricism; the opinion of others see no reasons with empiricism at all. The former category of rationalists is not absolute in the beliefs they hold about the power of reason. The latter c ategory of rationalists is of those that may safely be described as extreme rationalist. They are the ones that believe that all things can be resolved through reasoning. Although, empiricism as a philosophy has already been broached in this essay, it is yet important to explain further. Unlike rationalism which states that most truths and ideas can be attained mainly through reason, empiricism states that all ideas, knowledge and truths can be attained through experience and what can be sensed by using human senses. The typical empiricist will ask 'How do you believe what you've not experienced?' So, for the empiricist, experience is all. It is through experience that one gets evidence to substantiate whatever opinion one clings to. Empiricists believe that there is no just reason to believe a thing or an opinion which one is not able to test. They do not see reasons why anyone would rely solely on abstract reasoning without applying sense-based experiments (Markie 233). To such em piricist who questions why anyone would trust what they have not seen, rationalists would argue that before that which is seen and witnessed (experience and experiments) came to being, there was that which was not seen (reasoning). Asides David Hume, other philosophers that can be categorized as empiricists are Francis Bacon, John Stuart Mill and Thomas Hobbes. Before one assumes any stance in philosophy, one must have premises that back up the point one makes. One must also be sure to know that all those who have held one opinion or the other about any issue have reasons, most times cogent, for sticking to their opinion. Yet, based on arguments that have been advanced overtime, it won't be wrong to assume that rationalsim carries the day. In putting up a paper like this together, it is important that one lends credence to objectivity. By some yardsticks, one may say that empiricists are right. This is because when rationalists carry out what they believe is the key thing—rea soning, one must note that they do not think in abstract, they almost certainly think about things that have been

Brick and Mortar Business to an E-Business Essay Example for Free

Brick and Mortar Business to an E-Business Essay Company Background Sam Walton, who was convinced that the American consumers wanted something more than retail shops, opened his own discount and retail shop in Rogers, Arkansas. Walton realized he could do better by passing on the savings to his customers and earning his profits through volume. This insight would form a cornerstone of Waltons business strategy when he launched Wal-Mart in 1962. Cost-cutting was an obsession in the Wal-Mart culture, and Walton understood that a major requirement for keeping costs down was controlling the payroll. In 2012, Wal-Mart celebrated 50 years of helping people save money so they can live better. The company employs 2. 2 million associates worldwide and serves 200 million customers each week at more than 10,000 stores in 27 countries. Among the many business enterprises and organizations that changed the world, Wal-Mart holds a very important position. As compared to other genuine companies that changed a lot in the world of entrepreneurs, Wal-Mart has a short, yet highly-acclaimed story of success that is backed by brute force of efforts put in by many members and employees. Wal-Mart adopt E-business What business processes were changed? Possibly the single greatest success story of e-business and B2B implementation is that of the rise to dominance by Wal-Mart in the North American retail market. Wal-Mart has impressive growth in such a short time span and the single most important factor in this rise was their harnessing of the power of e-business. Wal-Mart built an inventory and supply chain management system that changed the face of business making it very competitive as an e-business. Like many companies, Wal-Mart started down the road to total integration by first linking its internal systems. Then the focus shifted toward an emphasis on integrating Wal-Mart’s systems with those of its suppliers. More recently, Wal-Mart has initiated efforts to bring processes and systems from the customer side of its business into the loop. What’s left is a customer-to-supplier architecture that allows Wal-Mart to follow its customer’s shopping habits so closely as to know their likes and dislikes and to parlay that information into pinpoint promotions. (Robinson ;amp; Kalakota, 2004) Wal-Mart has revolutionized supply chain management by using a pull model where customer demands drive the suppliers. Inventory control is finely honed and purchasing trends are available to suppliers, whom now must be able to quickly respond to the needs of millions of customers. The business decision to decentralize the procurement process means that front-line staff in every store can immediately order the appropriate stock electronically, which will in turn require rapid turnout of product from the suppliers. This rapid replenishment system, coupled with accurate purchasing forecasting, helps Wal-Mart reduce overall costs. While not always good for suppliers in general, Wal-Mart’s power as a giant in business has helped in establishing new standards for B2B e-commerce. Wal-Mart’s mindset of cutting costs at all costs resulted in them deploying EDI over the Internet to eliminate the costly VAN altogether. EDI over the Internet (EDI-INT) uses a new standard called AS2, a communication protocol that attempts to make EDI communications over the Internet both secure and reliable. By mandating their suppliers to use AS2, Wal-Mart leads the way in creating a demand for a new generation of EDI, and in turn drives the whole world of e-business forward. Early on, Wal-Mart saw the value of sharing that data with suppliers, and it eventually moved that information online on its Retail Link Web site. Opening its sales and inventory databases to suppliers is what made Wal-Mart the powerhouse it is today. Would the company survive without the E-Business aspect? Why or why not? Wal-Mart has so many great strengths to leverage throughout the global market, and Wal-Mart will survive without E-business. Some of those strengths are that Wal-Mart best-positioned global retail, and it has a strong price leadership. There is no doubt that Wal-Mart is the best-positioned global retailer to address the needs of customers around the world. Wal-Mart’s growth through new stores remains a priority, with supercenters the primary driver because they continue to offer the greatest returns and allow customers a one-stop shopping experience through more than 3,800 stores and over 617 million square feet of selling space. Wal-Mart reinvigorated their fundamental price promise of provide low prices day-in and day-out on the broadest assortment. Their price message, backed by the strongest ad match policy in the industry, ensures that we are driving price separation with competitors. The certainty of great values throughout the store such as best-positioned global retail and a strong price leadership has been fundamental to Wal-Mart for 50 years, and this company will to survive. Would the company survive without the Brick-and-Mortar aspect? Why or why not? Wal-Mart e-commerce websites is not going to replace bricks-and Mortar stores, because the key to Wal-Mart’s emerging e-commerce strategy is integrating store and online marketing. This strategy is product of ideas such as pick up at store. â€Å"Wal-Mart launched on Tuesday its Site to Store program, in which Walmart. com customers can opt for free shippingprovided they are willing to pick up their order at a Wal-Mart store instead of having it sent to their home. The items ordered are shipped within 7 to 10 business days to a Wal-Mart store, and then an e-mail is sent to the buyer that alerts him or her to pick up the order. † (McCarthy , 2007) Retailers say that tying online and in-store inventory together lets them sell more products to more customers. Nordstrom recently combined its inventory so that if the online stockroom is out of a jacket, a store that has it can ship it to the Web customer. Encouraging customers to retrieve items they have ordered online in a store increases visits to the stores, which usually increases sales. What were the unique advantages of this IT solution? Any noticeable drawbacks? Wal-Mart is strengthening their Global e-Commerce business by investing in new talent and technology such as Wal-Mart new iPhone application that allows

History Of Ferrari :: essays research papers

Enzo Ferrari was born in Modena Italy on February 18 1898. He came from a well to do family that owned a metal foundry making railroad parts, they were the first in his town to own a car. When WWI came Enzo's father and brother (Dino) were drafted into the Italian army, whom both died from influenza in 1916. Enzo was forced to leave school to run the foundry, when the business collapsed he started work as a metalworker at the Modena Fire Brigade workshop in order to support his widowed mother. Enzo himself was later drafted into the Italian army where he worked shoeing mules for the mountain artillery, after a few months he becomming seriously ill and was released from the military. Not interested in going back to shcool and against his mothers will, he found work as a test driver in Turin in late 1918. Enzo then moved to Milan to work at CMN (Costruzioni Maccaniche Nazionali) as a racing car driver. His first real race came in the 1919, the Parma-Berceto, he then entered the Targa Florio that same year. Enzo then founded Scuderia Ferrari, (literally means Ferrari Stable) who were mainly sponsers and trainers for Alfa Romeo. He was officially hired by Alfa Romeo as head of their racing department in 1938, then in 1940, upon learning of the company's plan to take control of his beloved Scuderia, he quit Alfa. Since he was prohibited by contract from racing for several years, the Scuderia briefly became Auto Avio Costruzioni Ferrari, which ostensibly produced machine tools and aircraft accessories for Piaggio and RIV as Italy was gearing up for WWII. Ferrari did in fact produce one race car, the Tipo 815, in the non-competition period; it was thus the first actual Ferrari car, but due to the war it saw little competition. In 1943 the Ferrari factory moved to Maranello, where it has remained ever since. The factory was bombed in 1944 due to making machines for ball bearing production, it was rebuilt in 1946 to include a works for road car production. The first Ferrari road car was the 1947 125 S, powered by a 1.5-litre V12 engine; Enzo reluctantly built and sold his automobiles to fund the Scuderia. While his beautiful and blazingly fast cars quickly gained a reputation for excellence, Enzo maintained a famous distaste for his customers, most of whom he felt were buying his cars for the prestige and not for racing.

Providence, Self-Improvement, and Divine Mission: The Qualities of Colonial Literature Essay

Colonial literature from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries has made a large impact on society today. Literature from both the Puritan era and the Age of Reason contribute to this impact. Puritans were religious separatists who wished to ‘purify’ the Church of England of its catholic heritage. They believed in predestination; the idea that some people were saved and others were damned. The Puritans would scrutinize themselves for signs of grace from God. Following the Puritan era was the Age of Reason. This was a period of scientific and political enlightenment. It stressed the idea that basic truths can be arrived at through reason, not faith. People began to improve their present, worldly life rather than preparing themselves for an afterlife in Heaven. Three qualities of American writing from the Colonial period are the beliefs of providence, self improvement, and divine mission. The belief in God’s providence is a major feature found throughout Colonial literature. God’s providence was the idea that it was in God’s power to control the salvation and damnation of humans. Their destinies were predetermined and they would live their lives looking for signs of grace. Every outcome of an action was considered a sign as God’s providence. They believed God’s intervention in their everyday lives revealed their fate. The belief in providence is predominately seen throughout Puritan writing, one of which being William Bradford’s Of Plymouth Plantation. William Bradford was a Puritan leader who later became the governor of Plymouth Colony. His narrative described the Puritans’ arrival to the New World. He focused on the relationship the Puritans had with God. He mentioned many signs of God’s providence. The first act of providence was on the seaman. There was a strong, able body seaman who always cursed and condemned the poor sick people on the ship, wishing them to be cast overboard. God then intervened and revealed the seaman’s fate. Bradford wrote, † But it pleased God before they came half seas over, to smite this young man with a grievous disease, in which he died in a desperate manner, and so was himself the first that was thrown overboard† (24). God’s providence exposed the seaman’s damnation. His death was a sign that he was not one of The Elect and did not possess the quality of grace. William Bradford’s Of Plymouth Plantation embodies the belief of providence, a characteristic of Colonial literature. Another characteristic of Colonial literature is the idea of self-improvement. This idea is represented in both Puritan and the Age of Reason literature. It is the idea that people need to attain moral perfection. Benjamin Franklin, an autodidact of the Age of Reason, experimented with the idea of self-improvement. He found self-improvement to be a logical idea that every person should experience because it would better themselves and society. In his autobiography, Franklin wrote, â€Å"I concluded, at length, that the mere speculative conviction that it was our interest to be completely virtuous was not sufficient to prevent our slipping, and that the contrary habits must be broken, and good ones acquired and established, before we can have any dependence on a steady, uniform rectitude of conduct† (80). Franklin devised a method to help him become virtuous. He created a list of thirteen virtues and a plan to attain each one. He believed self-improvement was a realistic approach to achieve moral perfection which would develop a better society. The belief in self-improvement is permeated throughout Colonial literature because it was useful to many people. In the Puritan era, moral perfection was essential to get into Heaven and to avoid Hell. In the Age of Reason reaching moral perfection was a reasonable idea that would better society. It secularized the Puritan values making moral perfection a more rational idea rather than religious. The belief in divine mission is also a characteristic of Colonial literature. Divine mission is the idea that America is a divinely guided nation. Americans believe that God is on their side. This idea is common throughout American writing from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The Puritans believed in divine mission and built a pious nation under God. They believed they were â€Å"The Chosen† people of God. In the Age of Reason, this concept continued. Thomas Paine, a radical, revolutionary, pamphleteer expressed the idea of divine mission in his papers, The Crisis. Paine wrote The Crisis papers to boost the morale among the common men and soldiers during the time of the Revolutionary War. He assured a victory against Britain because America was a divinely guided nation. He wrote, â€Å"†¦that God Almighty will not give up a people to military destruction, or leave them unsupportedly to perish, who have so earnestly and so repeatedly sought to avoid the calamities of war, by every decent method which wisdom could intervene† (95). Paine argued that God would help them and not leave them in their time of need. He believed that the idea of divine mission would contribute to a victory over England. Because of God’s celestial powers, the belief in divine mission was widely used throughout Colonial literature. Colonial literature has influenced American history and society. The qualities of writing from the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries have contributed to this impact. The concept of divine mission is exemplified daily in classrooms across America when children stand and recite the Pledge of Allegiance every morning. They all say, â€Å"†¦one nation under God†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Also, the phrase â€Å"In God We Trust† is embossed on American currency and was adopted as our nation’s motto. Even now America is viewed as a divinely guided nation. In addition, self-improvement is exercised in the education system. People try to fulfill their greatest potential by improving their knowledge. The public school system enables all individuals the right to an education that will precipitate to a more successful life. In higher education, scholarships are available to those who excel academically but cannot handle the financial obligation. It is clear that qualities of literature from the Puritan era and the Age of Reason are still relevant in today’s American society.

Methods of Writing Paragraph Essay

There are different writing methods use to be able to developed a good paragraph. These are the use of the various types of paragraph development. The most frequently methods use includes Definition, Classification, Comparison and Contrast, Process Description, Cause and Effect and Narration. The idea in the paragraph can be expanded through the use of Definition. In here, the writer can be able to explain the meaning of an idea or a concept. It could be done by showing the details, describing, giving examples or analyzing using symbols and more. The next one is through the use of Classification method. Classification method can be done if you are going to breakdown information into smaller parts in simplifying a concept or in explaining something such as a series of things. The next methodology is the Description of Process. It is usually done in describing a series of connected actions in chronological manner. The process of description might be in the form of natural, mechanical o r historical processes. Like the other methods, it can also be use to expand the idea in the paragraph. Another method is through Comparison and Contrast. The writer can use comparison if he/she want to show some similarities with the given ideas. On the other hand, the writer can use contrast if he/she wants to point out differences in ideas. It also possible to use the combination of both comparison and contrast in establishing both the similarities and differences of ideas in the given paragraph. The next is the use of Cause and Effect. Cause and effect method can be used to expand the idea in the paragraph by establishing or explaining what happens as a result of something. In here, the writer can use signal words such as the words; because, cause, due to, for the reason and other words for the cause. The signal words for the cause are the words; as a result, consequently,in effect, therefore, thus and more. The next one is through the use of Narration. In here, the write could expand the concept of an idea in the paragraph by arranging the ideas in order; in chronological, or in place, or in the level of importance telling what happened first and what will be in the next. For chronological or time order, the write can use the words that tell time such as; such as first, second then,after,later and more. For place order, the writer can use the words that locate, such words like; below, beneath, behind, behind, near, and more. For the order of importance, the writer can use the words that judge importance, such words like; next, last, must, greatest, in the first place and more.

Social Work and Human Services Term Paper Writing Guide

Social Work and Human Services Term Paper Writing Guide A term paper is often a significant component of the mark. The majority of students apply the same approach to this task as they did for the essay, which is a wrong way to organize the paper. A student should realize that he/she will have to put many efforts in this work to make it worthy and thought-provoking. Excellent time-management, adequate planning, and above-average writing skills are just a few capabilities, which you will need to craft a high-mark paper. The social work term paper tips in this guide might assist you in the writing process and help to differentiate between an average term paper and an outstanding work. Definition of the Social Work Term Paper The ‘term paper’ differs much from a colleague essay in length and depth of the research. It is commonly defined as a written assignment of a significant length, which asks an individual to analyze and interpret the data obtained regarding a particular topic. That is why a student will have to identify the issue and gather a significant amount of data on the problem, which will serve as a foundation for further investigation. After that, it is vital to analyze the information applying a specific framework and draw own conclusion on the topic. Writing a standard and short paper will not help you to reach your academic goal. A student should be able to analyze a significant amount of data and present his/her findings on the research problem. The following features might help you differentiate between an essay and a term paper: The topic is related to the discipline and demonstrates your understanding of the key terms; Reviews and analyzes existing evidence on the subject; The term paper has from 4 to 10 credible references, which can support the author’s findings and main ideas; All figures and references are cited correctly in work; The paper is written using academic language; The work is coherent and has a clear structure with the introduction, abstract, literature review, results, conclusions, the table of context, etc. A term paper is longer than an essay and has a sophisticated structure. A student will have to concentrate on the assignment and conduct in-depth research to come to sensible solutions. It is essential to follow all the components of the study to provide your readers with high-quality content. Select the Topic: Some Fresh Ideas from Our Academic Writers This step is vital for any work regardless of its size, topic, purpose, target audience, etc. In most cases, a professor assigns the topic and wants his/her students to conduct a study to research a particular issue in the field of Social Work and Human Services. In this case, an individual should focus on the writing process and search for the information in journals and scientific works. However, teachers sometimes ask their learners to pick up a problem, which will meet students’ interests and made them curious. As a rule, people try to search for the easiest topics, which will not pose any risks and threats to them. While this approach might be successful, it will not bring excellent results to an individual. If a learner aims to get the highest mark and make the research process fascinating, it would be better to select a controversial topic, which is relevant to the modern community. Nevertheless, it is essential to remember that the issue should align with the course ma terial and it should be interesting for a reader. How to Research the Problem Thoroughly It is useless to write your introduction or main body without any information on the topic. You should gather primary and secondary data, analyze it, select the best research method and get a better understanding of social work and human services problem. Additionally, it is vital to identify the gap in the study and point out to the information, which is missing in the works of renowned scholars. This step will help you to narrow your focus and concentrate on the essential aspects of the study. While some students decide to begin with the information they already know, avoid doing it since it will lead you to the deadlock. You might use primary and secondary sources to get new ideas on the topic and develop own solutions to an issue. Besides, you can organize discussions with your groupmates and colleagues, who will provide you with useful ideas. They might also recommend you literature, which will be helpful to your study. Create an Effective Thesis Statement A thesis statement is an important part of the work. It is the sentence, which should speak much about your position on the topic and identify the main problem of your study. Students frequently make mistakes when they develop a general thesis, which does not narrow their study to a specific issue. As a result, such papers do not inform readers about a particular problem and restate the information, which is familiar to all readers. These works are useless and boring since they do not carry any new information. Instead, it would be better to narrow the study and concentrate on a problem, which was not addressed in previous works. A student will have a chance to contribute to the development of a field, which will positively affect the professor’s mark. Before choosing the topic for the term paper, you should ask the following questions: Am I interested in this field? Is the issue too general? Is it too narrow? Does the topic align with the course materials? Will it be useful for me in the future? Can I contribute to the development of the field? Is there a gap in the study? How can I address this gap? Is the problem relevant to the modern society? Is there a way to resolve it? There are several examples of the Social Work and Human Services Topics, which students might use while composing a term paper: The Foster Care System and its impact on the educational sector; Abuse of the Elderly Patients in Nursing Homes; Benefits and Drawbacks of Bilingual Education in Kindergartens; Special Education in Areas with Poor Infrastructure; Early Prevention Programs in the United States and their Impact on Public Health; Suicide Prevention among Teenagers with Eating Disorders; The Efficiency of the Juvenile Justice System; Grief Counseling in the Army; Mentoring Programs in Clinics and Hospitals; Ethical Problems Connected with Interracial Adoption. These topics are narrow enough, so an individual will have a chance to conduct the study and bring new data to the field of Social Work and Human Services. Besides, the issues are relevant to the community, so the findings of the research can be applied to real-life situations. The Typical Structure of the Term Paper Cover Page. Start with the cover page and make sure it has all necessary components, such as the title of your work, name, contact information and the course. Every professor might have different requirements, so it would be better to ask for additional information from your instructor. Abstract. Your term paper should have a one-page abstract, which is usually written at the end when you draw conclusions. This part should summarize the main points of the work and inform readers about the topic of the term paper. Students frequently write it after an introduction, which is wrong. They have only general information on the issue, which will not let them draft a successful abstract. It would be better to write this part after the conclusion when you will have all the necessary data on the problem. In such a way, it would be easy for a student to summarize the main findings and communicate his/her position to a reader. Introduction. An introduction is a vital part since it will identify the primary focus of the study and set a particular goal for a researcher. Moreover, it will present a thesis statement to the reader and communicate the position of a scholar on a problem. Learners frequently overlook this part, which results in a lower mark. It is essential to provide a general overview of the issue and ensure that the reader will understand the context of the discussion. Begin with intriguing facts or recent news, which will attract readers’ attention and make people mull over the problem. Main Body. Methodology and Literature Review. The main body tells a reader about the details of the work. It usually consists of methodology, literature review and results. The first step is to select the research methods, which best fit the study and provide you with the necessary data on the topic. Students might use qualitative or quantitative methods depending on the nature of the research and their goal. Furthermore, it is significant to look at the literature on the topic and evaluate the findings of previous scientists. You should focus on credible sources and select the works, which contributed much to the development of the field or addressed the issue. For instance, if your term paper is devoted to the discussion of special education in deprived areas, you might concentrate on journal articles and search for the findings in this sphere. Besides, it is essential to look at books and papers on the topic, which brought useful results. You may conduct this analysis in the literature revi ew section and compare the findings of various scientists. This step will provide you with the foundation for further investigation and help to determine the gap in the study. If scholars’ works lack important information, a student might want to gather primary data with the help of interviews, questionnaires or social experiments. However, in this case, it is essential to take into account ethical consideration and prevent leakages and disclosures of respondents’ sensitive data. You might attach the examples of your questionnaires or interview questions in Appendix. Results. In this section, a student should list the primary findings of the research and provide a reader with a general overview of the main figures. While some individuals present â€Å"raw data† and expect a professor to interpret them, it would be better to provide an explanation to all results and comment on the main trends in the field. For example, if the majority of interviewees are dissatisfied with the counselors’ services, it might speak about the low qualification of specialists or ineffective methods. That is why it is vital to get to the root of the issue and analyze the findings from different perspectives. Furthermore, you might want to compare your results with the opinions of renowned scientists, which will help to see the similarities and differences of viewpoints. Conclusion. Summarize your main findings and restate the thesis statement. Readers should understand the content of the term paper and its central ideas. Ask yourself whether you achieved the goal of the research and answer this question in the final section of your article. Edit and Write the Final Paper Proofread the work to ensure that it is free of grammatical, stylistic and lexical mistakes. The term paper with errors and misprints looks unprofessional, so readers will not pay attention to your ideas and findings. You might use software to check your work or give it to your groupmate. Your friend will provide you with a fresh perspective on the problem and point out to the main weaknesses of the text. References Use only credible sources for the paper, which can be backed up by studies and research. You may use journal articles, professional websites, and books as they are usually peer-reviewed. On the contrary, blogs, magazines or Wikipedia cannot serve as a reliable resource since an instructor will not be able to check the information in the article. You should cite them correctly using the format requirements to the paper.

8 Bad Habits that Make You Look Unprofessional

8 Bad Habits that Make You Look Unprofessional Everyone has some bad work habits. You might be the most punctual, inoffensively friendly person around, but there’s always something that occasionally causes colleagues to roll their eyes. It’s a fact of life- none of us is perfect. However, recognizing these bad habits, and working hard to correct them, can do a lot to keep your work reputation as high as possible. Here are 8 bad habits that make you look unprofessional. 1. Being a Debbie DownerYou know the type- the other shoe is always about to drop, the successful completion of one project just means another one is around the corner, everyone else is just so incompetent all the time. You may not even realize how much you’re complaining, but it’s definitely something to keep an eye on.2. ProcrastinatingCounterintuitively, multitasking makes it so much easier to procrastinate: â€Å"I’ll do these three things now, and that other thing later.† Then that fourth thing gets pushed back, and pu shed back until it’s a week later and you’re still not done with it. This is especially problematic if the delayed task is something needed by someone else, because then it makes you look undependable.3. OverpromisingOverpromising is dangerous, because either you set yourself up for an onslaught of extra work, or you fail to deliver, which means your professionalism takes a hit. Colleagues and bosses need to know they can depend on you to deliver on time, and part of that is knowing the limits of what you can and can’t do within a certain timeframe.4. Trying to please everyoneBeing a people-pleaser is an impulse that comes naturally to a lot of us†¦after all, you want everyone to think you’re awesome at delivering awesomeness. But that can easily shift over into Pushoverville, where people take advantage of your eager nature. It can also come off as sucking up, or cause frustration when you’re trying to placate one boss who wants things one wa y, a colleague who wants them another way, and someone from a different department who needs things done a third way. It’s much better to use your judgment find the best way to handle something, and make sure that everyone knows why you’re doing it your way.5. Swearing like a pirateMany workplaces have become more casual in dress and attitude in general, but that doesn’t mean it’s okay to swear up a storm, especially when you’re talking about work. Everyone has slip-ups when they’re especially frustrated, but if you drop the f-bomb in front of coworkers more than a few times, it shows a lack of professionalism and care about how you present yourself in public. In terms of self-restraint, think broadcast network standards, not HBO.6. Running lateThere’s always a reason- traffic on the commute, dog ate the car keys, your favorite TV chef was showing you how to make bacon soufflà ©s on the Today Show. Chronic lateness just never makes y ou look good, even if you have one of those jobs where it doesn’t really matter if you’re at your desk at 9:00 or 9:20. Being there on time (except in those times when there really is a terrible commute) shows everyone that you’re ready to get things done.7. Making excusesWhen things go wrong, don’t be that guy/gal who always has a bunch of excuses ready to go. Excuses sound exactly like what they are, and when you use them, everyone around knows it. If things go wrong, own it and resolve to move on, and people will respect your honesty and drive to get things right.8. Being too flirtyBoundaries? What boundaries? Even if the flirting is harmless, you don’t want to run afoul of any sexual harassment policies your company has- especially if you don’t know the flirtee very well. Also, if it seems like you’re flirting to get ahead at work, that won’t endear you to your colleagues. Complimenting coworkers is fine, but try to keep it brief, friendly, and professional.Do any of these sound uncomfortably familiar to you? If so, don’t worry- we all have stuff to work on when it comes to workplace behavior. And there’s always time to recognize, correct, and start fresh!

Complex medical surgical Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Complex medical surgical - Assignment Example For this reason, the patient has been transfused packed red blood cells and commenced on normal saline and Hartmann’s solution to restore the lost volume of blood. In addition, the patient is experiencing moderate pain from the trauma of the tibia and femur. On the assessment made on assessing pain, level when the patient is at rest and with movement Ben Casey records a 4 on the scale. In order to alleviate this health condition and accord comfort to the patient the physician prescribed paracetamol tablets of 1-gram dosage to be taken 6 hourly to relieve pain. Among the identified potential health, problems according to assessment of Ben Caseys data include avascular necrosis. This will occur in areas beyond the fracture due to compromise of the internal blood supply to the bone tissue of the left tibia and femur (Ciocco 2014, p. 145). In addition, there is high potential for Ben Casey developing osteopenea of the left tibia and femur due to the disuse (Pudner 2010, pp. 204-16). This is possible due expected long period of immobilisation of the left leg together with diffuse reduction of bone density. Apart from disuse, this occurs also due to dysfunction of blood flow regulation and autonomic nervous system conduction to the site of the fracture. Apart from the local complications, other potential systemic complication due to the fracture of the femur, which is a long bone Ben Casey, is likely to develop fat embolism. Fat embolism occurs from release of fat from the injured site and into the blood stream that can be benign or get lodged in the tiny capillaries of the pulmonary, neurological, or coetaneous systems (Pudner 2010, pp. 193-99). In addition, other potential health problem includes development of infection at the surgical site due to the indwelling FG 14 bellovac drain at the femoral surgical. This is because the drain provides a communication between the linen on the outside and

The Life of David Gale Death Penalty Movie Review

The Life of David Gale Death Penalty - Movie Review Example Proven perpetrators of heinous crimes should be tried in court exhaustively, and when truly found guilty – complete with all the circumstantial evidence to boot – should be convicted relative to the degree of the crime they committed. If a person is found guilty of murder, rape, kidnapping, torture and other similar crimes which could be categorized as â€Å"inhuman†, then immediately, he/she should be sent to the death penalty straight away. Otherwise, if there is some doubt to his/her personal involvement and/or active participation, then it should be lowered to a life imprisonment or a similar long-term prison sentence. David Gale’s arguments are as follows: 1) capital punishment is not a deterrent to the commission of crimes; 2) there is a sprouting of â€Å"phony ‘expert’ testimony† for the convicted felons; 3) it is possible to condemn/convict innocent men; 4) and a flawed justice system, among others, which are agreeable to a certain point. Yes, there is no proof that shows that death as punishment stops crime or the offenders. However, there is still that possibility that actually carrying out capital punishment can somehow instill fear among potential criminals and their devious plans. Fake testimonies are also achievable, and can lead to innocent people being incarcerated, but at the end of the day, this is still a subjective argument. Likewise, there are jurors and judges who could be bought or manipulated, hence, the final verdict can actually be flawed. Still, it all boils down to the right people being placed as part of the jury and how objective they can reall y be. The choice is still done by the judges themselves with a strict screening procedure so if the verdict is faulty, then perhaps, the people who did the selection are themselves unsound with their assessment. As a pro-Death Penalty activist, I would defend my standpoint by stating that even if human life is precious, as being asserted by the con-Death supporters or Abolitionists, it is something which was not respected by the crime offenders, hence, they no longer deserve to be given significance or distinctive worth. The flaws in the justice system cannot be avoided because no system can ever be perfect. The action taken by David Gale in orchestrating the death of Constance was a truly extreme act of proving his point to the Governor of Texas when he had this live interview pertaining to the numerous executions in the locality. Gale was somehow challenged by what the governor stated during this event â€Å"name one innocent man that Texas has put to death in my tenure†. I t is something that not every man can do or attempt to do – which is also related to the class lecture Gale delivered – stating that life should be measured â€Å"not by what you’ve attained in terms of your desires, but those small moments of integrity, compassion, rationality, even self-sacrifice.† Self-sacrifice was the goal taken by both Constance and Gale in order to underscore the advocacy they were fighting for. Gale’s perspective is truly an idealistic way of looking at life, and this, he pushes to the ultimate when he fakes the death of

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Case Study - Essay Example The combination of satellite, cable and fiber based broadband penetration together with targeting, interactivity, and company’s knowledge of people’s physical address and other contact credentials has launched a new era in marketing, organizational communication and advertising (Institute for Innovation and Improvement, 2006). ITV (an acronym for Interactive Television) is a range of technologies which has blended data services together with the traditional television technology. It entails enhancements and interactive contents. Interactive Television is enriched with providing interactions, rich entertainments, more information regarding various shows, props together with all the personnel responsible in its creation. Basically, Interactive television combines the features of the traditional television with interactivity which is enjoyed by people through a network such as LAN, WAN and internet (Interactive Advertising Bureau, 2011). Programming of interactive Television ranges from links to websites, richer graphics, and electronic communication among online users through a back channel. As a result, there is on – demand delivery of content together with services such as shopping, banking, ticket booking, among others (Institute for Innovation and Improvement, 2006). Digital Interactive Television exists in several forms and are manufactured by different companies. One form of Digital Interactive television is the Set top Boxes. This kind of Interactive Televisions are made by companies such as Microsoft, Motorola, Scientific Atlantic and Pace. This types of televisions are designed specifically to run interactive television services. During the manufacture of these products, the interactive TV is designed in such a manner that it can collect data from the user to the service provider (Institute for Innovation and

Abigails Party Essay Example for Free

Abigails Party Essay This is shown when Beverly suggests â€Å"[getting] pissed† after having an argument with Laurence. The use of the word â€Å"pissed† as a colloquialism for drunk could be seen as being symbolic of Beverly’s true social class seeping through the performance she continuously puts on throughout the night. This is humorous for the audience as Beverly spends a great deal of time and effort in the first part of Act 1 making sure that she is able to impress guests like Angela and Tony and try to feel in the same social class as Susan. She does this by adding a copy of â€Å"[placing] a copy of Cosmopolitan magazine in the magazine rack† and â€Å"[putting] on a record (Donna Summer: Love to Love you† among other things yet after one small spat shall we say with her husband represses back to having the personality the audience believes she’s trying to hide. Some might also say that Leigh’s use of fools near the end of Act 1 is to create after a very tense moment. An example of this would be after Laurence makes quite a long speech which gives us an idea of his views about people as he says that people often â€Å"just drift through life, without any real aims†. He also describes these people as being â€Å"weak†. Both these points are extremely serious and also quite angry. This means that when Angela tells a story about the time â€Å"[she] went to a party† right after these serious points, the audience feels sorry for Laurence as no one seems to be listening to him, but they also can’t help but laugh at Angela’s complete vacancy of points Laurence was making. This makes Angela a clear example of a natural fool as she has no real knowledge about when she is making an irrelevant point. It could also be said that the comic convention of foolishness is used when Angela and Beverly doesn’t know when she is saying something inappropriate or hurtful. An example of this would be when they try to reassure Susan about her daughter Abigail’s party but end up doing the exact opposite by Beverly saying that â€Å"teenagers get over-excited† to which Angela add that â€Å"it all starts with one kiss†. This is humorous as while trying to do one thing, Beverly and Angela end up doing the exact opposite without realising it which is a classic example of a natural fool. This part of the play could also be seen as cringe comedy because of the sympathy the audience feels for innocent Susan who has been kicked out of her house by her daughter only to e made to feel even more uncomfortable in Beverly’s house with her continuous points about teenagers and their rumoured carelessness which, including the gin and tonics Beverly gives Susan, causes her to be physically sick at the very end of the act. Hypocrisy could be considered to be another comic convention that is shown at the end of Act 1. This is particularly something that Beverly shows more than anyone else as when she is describing teenagers as having â€Å"a drink in one hand, a cigarette in the other [and] they’re having a bit of a dance†. The hypocrisy of this is that Beverly throughout the act is continuously refilling people’s drinks, offering cigarettes to everyone and is described on page 42 as â€Å"[proceeding] to have a dance solo in front of the others†. This is humorous as it makes it plainly obvious that Beverly is a natural fool because she is, in many ways just as childish as the teenagers that were in Susan’s house. This is another case of the audience feeling superior to the characters on stage as they when seeing the play would mostly be middle class and therefore they would also probably not be as childish as Beverly or Angela. Leigh’s uses of comic conventions are, in my opinion, used to establish a social ladder change between when the characters are first introduced and when the act finishes which is shown with Susan coming to the house with a bottle of red wine and ending up being sick in the toilet. Leigh’s clear use of comic conventions such as hypocrisy is also to breakdown the difference between sophistication and childishness. Mostly though, Leigh uses comic conventions to get the audience to question where they stand on the social ladder and if it really matters in this world.

Kyrgyzstan :: essays research papers

The collapse of the Soviet Union created 15 new states. These states over the last 5 years have all struggled with economic, ethnic, political and territorial problems left to them by the Soviet empire. Kyrgyzstan, is a former Soviet Republic (FSR) located in the Central Asia. This paper will give a statistical representation of the state, Kyrgyzstan. The statistical data will reflect the basic geography of the subject country containing population, size and location. This miniature report will also contain brief descriptions of current political and economic situations. Included in the current information section of this report, is an outlook for possible near future events concerning both political stability and economy. Kyrgyzstan is located in the southern area of the former Soviet Union. Its boarders are defined by China to the east (& South), Kazakhstan to the north (& Northwest), Uzbekistan directly west and Tajikistan to the south (& Southwest). Kyrgyzstan features 76,641 square miles of land, which consisted of .9% of the former USSR's land-mass. The land is primarily used for pastoral purposes. Only 7% of the farmable land is cultivated. The population is approximated to be 4,258,000 people (see Figure A). The Kyrgyzstan populace has experienced a 25.3% growth in population during the last 12 years (Population Growth Data from 1979-1991), and a birthrate at 29.1/1000. Population distribution is 61.9% in rural areas and 38.1% in urban centers. City & Population The top 4 cities are: Bishkek (formally Frunze) 616,000 (Capitol) Osh 213,000 Przhevalsk 64,000 Naryn 26,000 In June of 1990 ethnic violence arose in the city of Oh. Kyrgyz clashed with Uzbeks resulting in a bloody conflict which was eventually suppressed by Soviet Interior Ministry troops. This clash outlined political and economic problems present in Kyrgyzstan even when the USSR was still existent. These ethnic clashes in Oh served to cement political groups who were organizing outside of the communist party during Perestroika. It also gave voice to the large economic problems in central Kyrgyzstan. The "head of state" and leader of the communist party in Kyrgyzstan was Absamat Masaliev. Masaliev invoked policies which were rigid and served to enhance the existing social problems. Because of the decline present in the government's abilities to meet the expectations of the populace, the allowances granted by the Perestroika police and ethnic tensions, communist authority in Kyrgyzstan was challenged. The communist party's rule came to an end in October of that same year.

Introduction to Networking Test Questions

What type of network will they be implementing to connect their two offices? A. LAN b. internetwork c. MAN d. SAN 2. What was the primary reason to create a network? b. d. share resources communicate with e-mail share information 3. You're the network administrator for a company located in Arizona that has Just opened an office in Texas. You need to make sure that the two locations can communicate. What type of network are you implementing? MAN b. WAN c. internetwork d. extended LAN 4. You have Just started a new business.You need to have three to four workstations vailable for your employees who simply need to share some files and a printer, but you dont have a large budget. Security is not a major concern, but costs are. What type of network would be the most appropriate for your situation? internetwork domain peer-to-peernetwork server-based network 5. What is a policy that defines the methods involved when a user logs on to the network called? a. audit b. security c. a uthenticat ion d. acceptable use ‘2-l$age 5' Which one of the following passwords meets Windows password complexity requirement?NetWoRKing NetworkinglsFun N3tworkinglOl [email  protected]@slcs 7†² What is a type of malware that is so difficult to detect and remove that most experts agree that it is better to backup your critical data and reinstall the OS? rootkit Trojan hoax virus spyware 8. When a frame is received, which component reads the source and destination MAC addresses, looks up the destination to determine where to send the frame, and forwards it out the correct port? router switch repeater hub 9. How does a switch â€Å"learn† MAC addresses? b' The switch comes loaded with the most frequently used addresses.The switch reads ach frame and makes a note of where each MAC address came from. The switch uses a mathematical formula to determine what the MAC address would be for each computer connected to it. 10. Why is the use of a switch preferred over a hub? Switches can operate in full-duplex mode. All of the above. 11. what d, broadcast unicast Devices on a hub have to share the available bandwidth. Switches are intelligent; they read the frame and determine where to send it. is a packet called multicast anycast -3-1Fng* that is intended for only one individual computer? 12. What is the purpose of the default route? It serves as a guideline for how to configure routes. It's a route set by Microsoft so that all information comes to their servers first. It's where the router sends all packets with destinations of which it has no knowledge. None of the above 13. Which of the following is not a form of electromagnetic interference, or EMI? rain/fog transformer fluorescent lights crosstalk 14. When a signal travels across network medium, it signal loses strength the further it gets from the transmitting station, to the point where the receiving station can no longer interpret the signals correctly.What is the term for this phenomenon? a. electroma gnetic interference attenuation radio frequency interference 15. Which of the following is a length of cable that connects a computer to either a networking device or to an patch panel cable segment backbone cable patch cable 16. In what layer does the NIC operate? Network Access Internetwork Transport Application 17. Which protocol is responsible for determining the MAC address associated with each IP address and keeping a table of its results? MAC DNS ARP NAT -4-l$nge 18. An IP address consists of four octets separated by periods.

Isolation of Single Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells Capable

Isolation of Single Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells Capable of Long-Term Multilineage Engraftment A variety of distinct progenitors arising from self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) allow for the production of mature blood cell lineages. Human HSCs are poorly understood due to their rarity and difficulty to segregate them from multipotent progenitors (MPPS) to obtain a pure population for analysis. This study investigates the determining factors of HSCs.It appears that the majority of HSCs are CD34+, as hown by transplantation and xenograft repopulation assays, however most of these cells are lineage-restricted progenitors and HSCs are therefore rare. Enrichment of HSCs seems reliant on CD45RA, Thyl and CD38 expression. Further study into the role of each of these factors in HSC differentiation is required. In this study a range of assays were carried out in an attempt to identify and separate HSCs from MPPs. Recently it was shown that a depletion in Thyl expression in the CD 34+CD38-CD45RA- compartment of lineage-depleted cord blood was ufficient to separate HSCs from MPPs.However, further studies gave rise to concern surrounding this theory. They then used an optimized HSC xenograft assay and flow- sorted cord blood HSCs and MPPs into functionally characterized fractions. Data obtained from this assay suggested that cells with extensive self-renewal potential exist in both Thyl+ and Thyl- subsets. However, more extensive research was required to investigate the disparity in secondary transfer efficiency between subsets. To distinguish the cause of such disparity the Thyl subsets were sorted intoThyl+ and Thy- cells and cultured with stroma cells known to express HSC supportive ligands. The results demonstrated that the Thyl- compartment is heterogeneous and contains a small fraction with repopulating activity and a larger fraction with MMP- like activity and therefore may account for the differences in efficiency between subsets. To further distinguish HSCs in both Thy+ and Thy- subsets they analysed cell surface markers and found only CD49f to be differentially expressed between subsets.Next they investigated whether HSCs could be identified using CD49f expression. Data recovered indicated that human HSCs are indeed marked by CD49f. Further tests were carried out on Thyl-CD49f+ and Thyl-CD49f- subsets. Results revealed Thyl-CD49f- cells are short term HSCs as they fail to engraft long-term, indicating that these are MPPs. Investigation into the role of mitochondrial dye rhodamine-123 (Rho) in HSC enrichment. Results indicated twofold enrichment for HSCs compared to Thyl+ alone as opposed to Thyl +Rholo.The next aspect nvestigated was whether the addition of Rho to Thyl +CD49f+ would permit robust engraftment of single human HSCs. This investigation was carried out using single cell transplantation with two separate experiments focusing on engraftment and Thyl +RholoCD49f+ cells provides evidence that human HSCs express CD49f. Th ese findings illustrated by Notta et al. will aid in identifying gene regulatory networks that govern human HSC function and therefore allow manipulation of human HSCs ex vivo with the aim of overcoming the barriers associated with transplantation.

Benito Cereno essays

Benito Cereno essays After reading Herman Melvilles Benito Cereno, it is clear to me that Melville views the institution of slavery as a cruel and inhumane act. Slavery is the evil of the story. The slaves on the San Dominick rebelled because they were treated cruelly. It is wrong for one person to own another and look down upon them and treat them poorly. Evil seems to breed evil, and therefore, the slaves revolted with violence. In the story there are two captains; Benito Cereno and Captain Delano. Cereno is captain of the San Dominick, and although he is the captain of the ship which holds the slaves, he is truly a good man. He too seems to be a victim of evil. The slaves rebellious behavior turned him into a very edgy and nervous man. Although he may not seem like a good guy, Cereno showed his goodness when he jumped into Delanos boat to warn him of the danger that lied ahead for his crew and himself. Delano is alo a simple, good-hearted man. He is a good captain and runs his ship well. While on the other hand it seems that Cereno does not have that much experience. That is why Delano immediately went and offered his assistance to Cereno when he saw the San Dominick aimlessly wandering about the waters. Delano does not always see things as they really are because he is a very naive person, and it is because of this trait that he does not really realize all that is happening aboard the San Dominick. At the times when he did have a suspicion about the happenings of the ship, he would just tell himself he was being silly and forget about it. After he actually realized the chaos that was happening aboard Cerenos ship, Delano sent his crew to take down the slaves, and it is he who saved Cereno and the ship. ...

Ping-Pong Ball Bounces Essays

Ping-Pong Ball Bounces Essays Ping-Pong Ball Bounces Paper Ping-Pong Ball Bounces Paper This section is mainly based on putting my planning into action, hence all of the practical work and not a lot of written work. The averages in the table are recorded to the nearest cm. Observations My results table shows that as the height of the drop increases, so does the average bounce. This is illustrated in the table whereby at 50cm the average bounce height is 36. 6cm, and then at 120cm the average bounce height is 75. 2cm. If I take away the height of drop from the height of bounce I can see that for each height the energy lost in sound and heat is fairly similar each time the ball is dropped. Height of Drop (cm) Potential Energy. (J) Kinetic Energy (J) 50 1200 1200 60 1440 1440 70 1680 1680 80 1920 1920 90 2160 2160 100 2400 2400 110 2640 2640 120 2880 2880 I can see from my table on potential and kinetic energy that as the height increases the potential energy increases and as this increases so does the kinetic energy as more energy is been converted. Analysis My graph has a straight line of best fit, which suggests that my results are proportional. This means that whatever happens to one factor, it does the same to the other. In my experiment, as I increased the height of the drop, the height of the bounce increased as well; therefore my prediction was correct. This trend occurred, because the higher the ball was dropped the more potential energy it had. When the ball was dropped the potential energy was converted into kinetic energy and since energy can neither be created or destroyed, only converted it will move at a faster speed; therefore when the ball hit the bench some of the energy was transformed into sound and heat. The energy left after impact and the fact that the upward force is dominating the downward force causes the ball to be forced back up into the air. The more kinetic energy at the bottom, the more can be converted back into potential energy, therefore the ball bounces higher. There are no obvious anomalous results and there is strong positive correlation between the height of the drop and the height of the bounce, as the points are fairly close to the line of best fit. Evaluation My experiment went reasonably well and efficiently, due to the plan that I had drawn up beforehand. I received fairly reliable results from which I drew a firm conclusion. I would not alter the amount of results next time as I managed to gain a maximum outcome in the time selected. I think that the experiment was fair to some extent, because I controlled all other identified variables and only varied the height. However there were some problems that occurred, which fortunately did not affect the results dramatically; therefore there were no anomalies. I can see from my plan that I conducted a fair test, whereby I used a ruler as a marker each time to help in gaining more reliable results, I repeated the experiment three times and took five readings for each height, I kept the angle of the ruler constant each time, I used the same equipment each time, I kept the mass and the temperature constant each time and I dropped the ball on the same surface each time. The problems that occurred when doing this experiment were those, the ball didnt bounce in a straight line some of the time; therefore it was difficult to receive good readings. This was most likely to have been caused by the wooden bench being uneven and I could restrict this from occurring next time by using a spirit level. The results could have also been affected slightly, because there could have been a crack on the section of the bench where the ball was dropped. I could varnish the bench next time so that there arent going to be any cracks that are liable to affect the results next time. The ruler that I used as a marker was not as efficient as using a light beam or a video camera, because by using a light beam I would have been able to read off the readings more accurately and with a video camera I could record the experiment and then use pause to freeze the picture and then read off the values. I could extend my investigation further by doing the experiment again, under exactly the same conditions, but this time I would investigate how a different mass of ping-pong ball affects how high it bounces. Even though I havent varied the mass in this present experiment, by doing this extended investigation I can determine how mass may be another major factor, which might affect how high a ping-pong ball bounces. Accordingly I can progress further in this area of physics and this will help me in my understanding of this subject.

When to Use Palate, Palette, and Pallet

When to Use Palate, Palette, and Pallet The nouns palate, palette, and pallet are homophones: they are pronounced similarly but have different meanings. The noun palate refers to the roof of the mouth or the sense of taste.The noun palette refers to an artists paint board or a range of colors.The noun pallet is a straw-filled mattress or a hard bed. Examples Egypts senior archaeologist recently discovered that King Tutankhamen was born with a cleft palate and a clubfoot.Walt Disneys Pinocchio paraded the studios early perfection of the cartoon form: subtle character delineation, a rich color palette, and an inside knowledge of boyhood traumas.In one of the more lurid fairy tales, ogres chop off the legs and arms of a woman to make her body fit a pallet.Percy Painter, a promising but penniless portraitist, might possibly profit were he to pick up, perhaps procure, (1) a plentiful patron with a palate for portraiture, (2) a palette with pigments properly primed, and (3) a pretty person pleasingly prepared to pose pleasantly on his paltry pallet. (Robert Oliver Shipman, A Pun My Word: A Humorously Enlightened Path to English Usage. Rowman Littlefield, 1991)

CritiqueThe Article Marketing Myopia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CritiqueThe Article Marketing Myopia - Essay Example Companies should satisfy customers through inventiveness and skill. The dry cleaning industry is currently an industry that is in turmoil. Innovations such as synthetic fibers and chemical additives have cut the need for dry cleaning. Utilities may be natural monopolies now, but in the future the rise of renewable energy sources such as solar can replace the need for the electric grid infrastructure. The supermarket industry is extremely competitive and has many participants. Market changes can alter the longevity and profitability of an industry. According to Levitt (2004) there is no such thing as a growth industry since there are only companies organized and operated to create and capitalize on growth opportunities. The oldest growth industry is the petroleum industry. The population myth is the belief that profits are assured by the expanding and more affluent population. In an expanding market companies often fail to apply imagination in its decision making. The petroleum indust ry is an example of an industry that has become complacent in its business practices due to the fact that the petroleum industry’s efforts have focused on improving the efficiency of getting and making its product, not really on improving the generic product or its marketing. This has cause innovation to be stagnant among industry participants. The development of superior alternative fuel has come from outside the oil industry. The oil industry is convinced that there is no substitute for its major product, gasoline. The most important innovation that had a great impact on the demand for crude oil was the invention of the combustion engine. The combustion engine created the demand for gasoline. An industry that is competing with the oil industry is natural gas. Natural gas serves as a substitute product of heating oil. The U.S. production of petrochemicals accounts for 2% of the demand of all petroleum products. The industry is growing at a rate of 10% per year. There is no g uaranteed for obsolesce of a product in the future. When companies focus too much on production their marketing efforts get neglected. Unit costs decline as production increases. Mass production creates greater pressure to move the product. Marketing oriented companies try to create value-satisfying goods and services that customers want to buy. The seller is supposed to get input from the buyer to determine what goods the seller should offer to its customer base. The automobile industry spends millions of dollars annually on consumer research. The Detroit auto industry has not been doing enough to satisfy the needs of the customers. Some of the weaknesses of the U.S auto industry are point of sales, automotive repair and maintenances. The mentality of the Detroit executives is that marketing is a consequence of the product instead of vice-versa. Henry Ford is the most brilliant and senseless marketer in American history. A concept discussed in the article that I believe is extremel y important is the emphasis on customer orientation instead of product orientation strategy. Focusing on the customer has become more important than ever in order to improve the customer retention rate of the enterprise. Competition is tougher than ever in virtually every industry. Today American companies face major competition from foreign companies. An advantage of the globalization movement is access to a large supply of